Supraglenoid Tubercle Of The Scapula

David Muir

2 min read

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09-12-2024

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The supraglenoid tubercle is a small, but significant bony prominence located superior to the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). Understanding its anatomy, function, and clinical relevance is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly those involved in orthopedics and sports medicine.

Anatomy and Location

Situated on the superior aspect of the scapula, just above the glenoid cavity, the supraglenoid tubercle serves as the origin point for the long head of the biceps brachii muscle. It's a relatively small, roughened area of bone, easily palpable in some individuals. Its position contributes significantly to the mechanics of the shoulder joint.

Function in Shoulder Movement

The long head of the biceps brachii, originating from the supraglenoid tubercle, plays a critical role in shoulder movement. Its functions include:

• Flexion of the elbow: This is the primary function, involving bending the elbow.
• Supination of the forearm: This action turns the palm upwards.
• Weak shoulder flexion and abduction: While not its primary role, the long head of the biceps contributes to these shoulder movements.

The precise location of the supraglenoid tubercle ensures optimal leverage for the biceps brachii in performing these actions. Its position above the glenoid cavity allows for efficient transmission of force during these movements.

Clinical Significance: Injuries and Conditions

While less frequently injured than other shoulder structures, the supraglenoid tubercle and surrounding area can be involved in several clinical conditions:

• Biceps Tendonitis: Inflammation of the biceps tendon at its origin on the supraglenoid tubercle can cause pain and tenderness in the shoulder, particularly during movements involving flexion or supination.
• Biceps Tendon Rupture: In severe cases, the biceps tendon can rupture, either partially or completely, at its origin or insertion. This often involves significant pain and functional impairment.
• Fractures: Although uncommon, fractures to the supraglenoid tubercle can occur due to high-energy trauma.
• SLAP Lesions: Superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions, which involve tears in the labrum of the glenoid cavity, can sometimes affect the nearby supraglenoid tubercle and biceps tendon.

Diagnostic Imaging

Various imaging techniques can be used to assess the supraglenoid tubercle and its surrounding structures. These include:

• X-rays: Useful for detecting fractures or other bony abnormalities.
• MRI: Provides detailed images of soft tissues, enabling visualization of tendon injuries and SLAP lesions.
• Ultrasound: Another valuable tool for assessing tendon integrity.

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and management of conditions affecting the supraglenoid tubercle. Proper assessment requires a combination of physical examination, patient history, and advanced imaging techniques.

Conclusion

The supraglenoid tubercle, while seemingly a small anatomical structure, plays a vital role in shoulder function. Understanding its anatomy and clinical significance is key to accurate diagnosis and effective management of shoulder injuries and pathologies. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.